Bohemian Bliss: The Crochet Bag

Crocheted bags embody a bohemian vibe by merging relaxed fashion with unique charm. Artisans create these designs using quality materials that result in lightweight yet durable accessories. Typically featuring vibrant colors, crochet bags add a touch of individuality to any outfit. They are perfect for beach trips or casual gatherings, pairing effortlessly with summer dresses and comfortable denim. These well-crafted handmade bags’ intricate patterns and airy textures make them stylish for those seeking a laid-back yet distinctive look.

Elegant Simplicity: The Leather Tote

The classic appeal of a leather tote lies in its timeless elegance and versatile style options. These exquisitely crafted handmade bags are made from high-quality leather with precision and care to ensure durability and sophistication. Leather totes can hold all your essentials effortlessly, which makes them ideal for work, shopping, and weekend outings. Their simple yet refined design complements various outfits, from professional attire to casual ensembles, providing functionality and style.

Cultural Heritage: The Embroidered Satchel

Embroidered satchels honor rich cultural traditions through their intricate designs and vibrant colors. These bags feature traditional patterns that convey stories and symbolism in every stitch. Perfect for art and history enthusiasts, embroidered satchels showcase the craftsmanship and heritage of their creators. When paired with elegant attire, these unique pieces add a meaningful and artistic touch to any outfit, which makes them standout accessories that celebrate cultural legacy.

Eco-Friendly Fashion: The Recycled Material Bag

Eco-conscious fashion is highlighted by bags made from recycled materials, positively addressing sustainability in the fashion industry. Skilled artisans transform fabrics and materials into trendy accessories that minimize waste and promote sustainable practices. These bags feature unique textures and designs that reflect their origins as upcycled goods. Choosing recycled material bags supports environmental initiatives and offers stylish and eco-friendly options for those committed to sustainable living.

Chic Utility: The Canvas Backpack

Canvas backpacks combine style and practicality to offer a functional choice that is durable and fashionable. Made from sturdy materials, they can withstand everyday use while maintaining a trendy appearance. They feature multiple organizational compartments to cater to individuals who value order and efficiency. The casual charm of canvas backpacks makes them ideal for students, travelers, or anyone seeking a reliable and stylish companion for their daily adventures.

Artisan Excellence: The Beaded Clutch

Beaded clutches showcase the exquisite craftsmanship of artisans who meticulously sew beads by hand to create stunning patterns and designs. These clutches are perfect for adding elegance to evening outfits and serving as captivating accessories for special events. The detailed beadwork reflects the artisan’s skill and dedication, making each clutch a unique piece of art. Carrying a beaded clutch allows individuals to bring a touch of sophistication and artistry to their ensemble and enhances their overall look with a handcrafted masterpiece.

Everyday Elegance: The Fabric Shoulder Bag

Fabric shoulder bags seamlessly blend comfort and style, making them versatile for everyday use. These bags, crafted from durable materials, are visually appealing and pleasant to the touch. They typically feature adjustable straps and spacious interiors, offering convenience without compromising on fashion. Fabric shoulder bags are ideal for daily errands, casual outings, or a stylish addition to any outfit, and provide the perfect balance of functionality and elegance.

Timeless Tradition: The Handwoven Basket Bag

Handwoven basket bags draw inspiration from traditional weaving techniques passed down through generations of skilled artisans. These bags are made from natural fibers, resulting in durable yet fashionable carryalls with open designs perfect for carrying essentials. The rustic appeal and natural hues of handwoven basket bags attract those who appreciate heritage craftsmanship. Incorporating a handcrafted basket tote into your collection adds a touch of enduring tradition and timeless style, making it a versatile and charming accessory for any occasion.

In Summary

Handcrafted bags bring a unique flair and personal touch to any collection. From crochet totes to embroidered satchels, each piece showcases a distinctive blend of fashion and artisanal expertise. Choosing handmade items supports skilled artisans and introduces accessories with rich narratives and intricate designs. Whether for everyday use or special events, these bags offer more than just practicality—they glimpse the dedication and artistry behind their creation. Adding handmade bags to your collection enhances your wardrobe with exceptional and meaningful accessories.

Embracing the Trend

Due to aesthetics and everyday functionality, stylish camouflage tops for women are essential in many closets. From t-shirts to elegant blouses, a wide range of designs caters to different preferences. The versatility of camouflage prints ensures their lasting appeal, adapting to seasonal trends while maintaining their core charm. If you’re new to incorporating camouflage into your wardrobe, here are some tips to make the transition smooth and stylish.

Selecting the Perfect Camouflage Top

Choosing the right camouflage top starts with considering your style and comfort levels. A diverse selection is available, including roomy sweatshirts, tank tops, and button-up shirts. Each type offers a different vibe, allowing you to experiment with various looks. Pay close attention to the fabric quality and color variations to ensure the top aligns with your tastes and fits well within your existing wardrobe. High-quality materials enhance comfort and maintain the garment’s shape and color over time.

Pairing Camouflage Tops with Bottoms

Creating an outfit with a camouflage top can be both effortless and impactful. Pairing your camo top with denim jeans or shorts is a great option for a casual and stylish look. Consider teaming the top with well-fitted trousers or a sleek skirt for a more polished appearance. Choosing neutral-toned bottoms helps to highlight the camouflage pattern without overwhelming the outfit. This balanced approach ensures that the camouflage design remains the focal point, allowing you to create versatile and cohesive looks suitable for various settings.

Accessorizing for Impact

Accessories can elevate the look of your camouflage top, transforming it from basic to exceptional. Incorporate a striking necklace or bold earrings to enhance your outfit instantly. Adding a unique handbag or a statement belt can introduce a personal touch and add sophistication to your ensemble. Selecting the proper footwear is crucial; sneakers can provide a laid-back feel, while boots or heels can add elegance and refinement. Thoughtful accessorizing ensures that your camouflage top stands out while maintaining a polished and stylish appearance.

Layering for Versatility

Layering is an effective strategy to increase your camouflage tops’ versatility and style quotient, especially during changing seasons. Pairing a camouflage top with a denim or leather jacket adds warmth and a fashionable edge to your outfit. For a more refined look suitable for work settings, layering with a cardigan or blazer can enhance the overall appearance. Experimenting with different layers keeps you comfortable and allows you to create multiple stylish looks from a single camouflage top.

Color Variations and Patterns

Camouflage patterns extend beyond traditional green and brown tones, incorporating contemporary colors like blue and pink for a modern twist. These new color options offer greater versatility, allowing you to showcase your individual fashion preferences while maintaining the timeless appeal of camouflage prints. Subtle color variations can add depth to your outfits without overshadowing the overall look. Experimenting with different color schemes and patterns can help you find the perfect camouflage top that complements your unique style.

Occasions to Wear Camouflage Tops

Camouflage tops for women are incredibly versatile, and you can wear them for various occasions. Whether it’s a laid-back shopping day or a casual brunch with friends, camouflage tops are perfect for showcasing your style. Pairing a camouflage blouse with tailored pieces for more formal settings, such as work environments or evening events, ensures a professional and elegant look. The adaptability of camouflage prints allows you to create stylish and appropriate outfits for any occasion, making them a valuable addition to your wardrobe.

Care and Maintenance

Proper care is essential to keeping your camouflage tops looking fresh and vibrant. Always read the care labels for specific washing instructions to maintain the fabric’s quality and color integrity. Avoid harsh detergents that can cause colors to fade or damage the material. When storing your tops, fold or hang them in a cool, dry place to prevent wrinkles and preserve their shape. Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of your camouflage tops and ensures they continue to look stylish and new over time.

Exploring Sustainable Options

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the fashion industry, and many brands now offer eco-friendly camouflage tops. Look for options crafted from organic or recycled materials to support environmentally responsible practices. Choosing sustainable camouflage tops allows you to enjoy stylish and functional clothing while contributing to a greener future. Supporting brands that prioritize ethical manufacturing techniques helps promote sustainable consumer behavior and reduces the environmental impact of your wardrobe choices.

Conclusion

Trendy camouflage tops for women offer a perfect mix of fashion and practicality, making them essential items in any closet. Choosing the right top and pairing it with appropriate accessories can help you create outfits that reflect your unique style. By embracing this trend, you open up a world of styling possibilities, ensuring that each outfit you wear exudes confidence and charm. Camouflage tops enhance your wardrobe with their versatile and timeless appeal and allow you to express your fashion sense with ease and sophistication.

Indian Textiles and Apparel Sector

Garments represent more than just stitched fabrics on a mannequin- they are a reflection of our culture, heritage, self-expression and the hard work of the millions of people contributing towards this dynamic industry. The finished products that we adorn and wear today shape not just our wardrobes and fashion sense but also are deeply ingrained in the functioning of the economy of our nation. While textile refers to fibre-based materials that are produced by knitting, weaving and stitching yarns or fabrics, apparel includes clothing or footwear products, including shirts, pants, kurtas, suits, skirts, sneakers, and stilettoes, among others.[1]

The Indian textiles and garment manufacturing industry is one of the oldest industries, with its inception tracing its way back to the early nineteenth century,[2] and contributes as a frontrunner in the overall development of our economy. Presently, India is the second-largest producer of garments and textiles across the world, and the industry contributes 2.3% to the GDP of our national economy and 10.5% to exports.[3]

Being a labour-intensive industry, India enjoys a comparative advantage in terms of skilled manpower, technology, and cost of production from other major garment and textile-producing countries. Reports provide for a highly successful turnover for this industry, with the overall exports of readymade garments in Financial Year 25 [April-June] accounting for USD 2,244 Million.[4] This sector also significantly contributes to providing employment opportunities to both skilled and unskilled manpower and is viewed as a powerhouse of the Indian economy.

The Government of India [“GOI”] has undertaken several initiatives in terms of schemes, plans and fund- allocations to empower this industry in order to meet the country’s short and long-term developmental goals.

This article aims to analyse the growth and functioning of the Indian Textiles and Apparel sector from the lens of macroeconomics, discuss the relevant GOI initiatives for the enhancement of this industry, along with examining its potential to cater to innovation and progress for the overall development of India. The GOI is consistently working towards expanding the role and operations of the textile and apparel industry. The Government is encouraging farmers, MSMEs, weavers, exporters and small business owners to keep the Five F’s value chain running: “Farm to Fibre, Fibre to Factory, Factory to Fashion, and Fashion to Foreign”.[5]

ECONOMIC THREADS: THE MACROECONOMIC INFLUENCE IN THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRY

When viewed from a macroeconomic lens, there are various factors that impact the overall functioning of the Indian textile and apparel industry. A few of them are discussed below:

• Economic Growth and GDP

The nation’s economic growth and GDP significantly impact the textile and apparel industry as they can alter the demand for textile exports. With a higher growth rate, there can be a positive impact in terms of expectations for increased domestic demand and higher textile export rates. For instance, India’s GDP growth rate of 8.9% in the previous quarter has positively impacted this industry.[6] Additionally, higher disposable incomes in households also drive domestic consumption in this sector. India’s textile and apparel industry is constantly progressing, with overall exports projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate [“CAGR”] of 18.5% between 2016 – 2025E, reaching USD 185 Billion by 2025.[7]

The following illustration represents India’s economic growth in the textile and apparel industry over the years:

[8]

• Inflation and Raw Material Costs

Inflation rates can significantly impact the functioning of the textile and apparel industry. Being labour-intensive, the Indian textile and apparel sector presently employs over 40 million people.[9] The present times have witnessed an increase in the cost of labour owing to changing market dynamics, which has negatively impacted this sector in India, rendering a disadvantage in terms of costs of labour and raw materials, employment and, to some extent, even exports.

An increase in labour and raw material costs leads to increased product prices, which may not be favourable for consumer consumption. Additionally, the wide market of imported products also contributes to the ongoing challenges. India follows fairly liberal import policies, with low duties and flexible regulatory compliances for imported garments, allowing for a plethora of variants available from garment-producing giants across the world, like China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, USA, etc., in the Indian markets at affordable prices.[10]

The volatility of raw material prices, like that of cotton, wool, yarn, synthetic fibres, polyester, etc., directly impacts the textile and garment manufacturing industry in terms of product pricing, supply chain, and profit margins, among others. For instance, an unprecedented price increase of yarns and other fabrics in the year 2021 severely impacted the selling prices of clothing factories, which altered consumer sentiment and preferences. It is important to note that this process involves the interplay of several factors and market forces, with some of them being as unprecedented as climate change risks, impacting the production cycle of raw materials and finished goods.[11] Further, the composition of the Indian raw material industry comprises natural and man-made fibres [“MMF”], with differing costs of production and market values. With natural fibres projected to reach USD 195 Billion by 2025,[12] they tend to represent the larger segment in the raw material breakdown in the Indian textile and apparel sector.[13]

The following illustration graph depicts the CAGR based on the breakup of raw materials:

[14]

• Exchange Rates

The Indian textile and apparel sector is sensitive to fluctuations in exchange rates, which have the potential to impact the competitiveness of textile exports.[15] For instance, over the past few months, the appreciation of the Indian National Rupee has gained a fifteen per cent value relative to the US Dollar, which impacts the export-driven textile and apparel industry of India.[16] On the other hand, weaker domestic currencies can make exports more affordable for foreign buyers, which may positively impact sales.

• Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign Direct Investments [“FDI”] inflows can majorly impact the overall export cycle and performance of the textile and apparel industry. Increased FDI rates reflect positively on investor confidence, operations and scope for expansion for the industry. India has currently witnessed an increased FDI inflow of 15% into this industry.[17]

During the Financial Years 2010-2016, the FDI in this sector grew at a CAGR of 14.6% and has been on the rise since then.

[18]

• Technological Advancements

With the advent of digitalisation and technological advancements, the apparel sector has made its way into the virtual realm, with an ever-rising demand for an e-commerce and online consumer experience. With the infusion of Artificial Intelligence [“AI”] and advanced apparatus for the production of garments, the textile and apparel industry has immensely benefitted in terms of improved efficiency and product quality. Further, recent developments like Smart Designs or virtual try-on features have further increased the demand for exports from this sector- India recently witnessed a 12% increase in textile exports owing to technological advancements.[19]

• Political Stability

Favourable government policies and a stable political regime significantly contribute to the overall operations of the textile and apparel sector and determine how well it functions at a macroeconomic level. The present political regime has provided a conducive platform for this industry to flourish and has taken several initiatives to support and foster innovation, progress and growth, contributing to the successful performance of this industry, both at the domestic and global fora. A few of these GOI initiatives are briefly discussed in the subsequent section.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND POLICY MEASURES

The Ministry of Textiles organised an International Conference titled ‘Viksit Bharat-Technical Textiles for Sustainable Growth & Development’ in September 2024 to deliberate on the growth of the textile and garment manufacturing industry in India. The main areas of focus were employment, innovation, economic and social impact and the overall direction of the industry.[20] The GOI, along with the Ministry of Textiles, has consistently been working towards the empowerment of the textile and apparel sector to meet India’s developmental goals. Following are a few government initiatives and policy measures concerning this industry.

• Vision 2024-25 for the Textile and Apparel Sector

The Textile Ministry aims to secure a 20% share of global trade by 2024-25 and contribute to exports amounting to USD 300 Billion, in pursuance of which it launched the Vision 2024-25 programme- a 10-point strategy focusing on strengthening the operations and efficiency of the textile and apparel sector in India.[21] Some measures in this strategy include achieving scale across the value chain, attracting more foreign investments into the sector, improving skills and product quality, reforming labour laws, diversifying exports, and structural transformation with value additions, among others.[22]

• Production Linked Incentive Scheme

The Production Linked Incentive [“PLI”] scheme aims to promote the production of MMF apparel in the global trade, attract fresh investment of approximately INR 19,000 Crores and generate around 7.5 Lakh new employment opportunities.[23] The scheme also encourages the participation of women in the textile and apparel industry. Leveraging economics of scale, the PLI scheme envisions the emergence of Indian companies and textile brands as world leaders in the industry.[24]

• National Technical Textile Mission

With a target period of four years [2020-21 – 2023-24], the National Technical Textile Mission [“NTTM”] primarily focuses on four components: Research, Innovation and Development, Promotion and Market Development, Export Promotion and Education, Training and Skill Development.[25] The vision of the NTTM is to promote the usage of technical textiles in several national flagship missions, strategic sectors and programs, while enhancing the skill sets of the involved workforce.

• Increased Budget Allocation for the Textiles Ministry- FY2024-25

The GOI has reflected on its commitment to promote the Indian textile and apparel sector and boost its operations and efficiency by way of revising its budget allocation from last year. This year’s budget witnessed an increased allocation from the previous year’s INR 3,443.09 Crores to INR 4,417.03 Crores in FY2024-25. The following chart elucidates the detailed revised budget allocation for the Ministry of Textiles.

[26]

GREEN FASHION AND SUSTAINABILITY MEASURES

With the increasing concerns for environmental protection and climate change risks, the textile and apparel sector has shifted its focus towards more sustainable and eco-friendly practices. Presently, the textile and apparel industry actively contributes to the production of hazardous elements, pollutants, toxins, etc. For instance, the utilisation and employment of a variety of colours, synthetic blends and other handling materials has contributed to around 17-20% of the present water pollution.[27]

Sustainable measures, apart from nurturing and preserving the environment, also impact the involved stakeholders at a macroeconomic level. Switching to organic models of production and manufacturing, embracing water conservation and incorporating eco-friendly technological advancements help boost production cycles, employment opportunities, offer flexible product and raw material costs, and, in turn, increase consumer demand.

The Indian textile and apparel sector is presently redirecting its focus towards the empowerment of the 3 E’s- Equity, Environment and Economics.[28]

The GOI has taken several measures to switch to greener and more sustainable practices in this sector, including the PM-MITRA Scheme [Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel] that envisions inaugurating Mega Investment Textile Parks to integrate world-class industrial infrastructure and technology to attract higher FDI and local investments in this sector. This scheme aims to meet the goals of SDG 9: “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”.[29] The Ministry of Textiles also launched ‘Project SU.RE.’ – Sustainable Resolution in 2019 to pave the way for a sustainable environment for the textile and fashion industry. This project aims to integrate SDGs into the working of this industry in order to achieve India’s long-term environmental, economic, social and corporate governance goals.[30]

Therefore, the GOI and involved stakeholders have consistently reflected on their dedication to moving towards a more environmentally friendly approach towards fashion and embracing sustainable measures for the textile and apparel sector in India.

VIEWING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL SECTOR FROM A MACROECONOMIC LENS

The world of fashion has witnessed a remarkable spike in technological advancements. With the textile and apparel industry consistently adopting and fitting into the virtual realm, most of the traditional aspects of textile designing, manufacturing and marketing are now transforming with the advent of digitalisation and technological advancements. With the ease of technology, I can virtually try on a Louis Vuitton scarf and get assisted by a virtual sales assistant present on their website from the comfort of my home. Several apparel brands also allow consumers to virtually try on multiple colour palettes and product designs before making a final purchase.

The Indian textile and apparel sector is now successfully incorporating various technological advancements, including smart fabrics and wearable technologies, advanced textile manufacturing techniques, 3D Printing and digital design, incorporation of Augmented and Virtual Realities [AR and VR], among others.[31]

Apart from boosting the efficiency and demand for this sector, the technological advancements also act as a boon to the overall national economy. These developments actively contribute to increasing employment opportunities, attracting foreign investments, enhancing the skill sets of the workforce and increasing the global demand and exports of Indian textiles and apparel, all of which positively impact the GDP and economic growth of the nation in the long run.

CONCLUSION

Upon analysing the scope and contributions of the Textile and Apparel industry to the overall development and economic growth of the country, it can be concluded that it is one of the most strategic sectors for innovation and investment and caters to the most fundamental needs of all. Being one of the oldest industries in the world, textiles and apparel continue to adorn our lives by fulfilling our most essential requirements and providing space for creativity and self-expression.

The sector aligns with the developmental goals and the vision of India in establishing itself as a developed nation by the year 2047, and with the initiatives and policy measures being implemented by the Indian Government and other stakeholders, this mission does not seem to be far-fetched.

While there may be some considerations and shortcomings in the operations of the industry, which is sensitive to climate change risks, environmental concerns, volatility of currency and exchange rates, inflation, and costs of raw materials, among others, India’s textile and apparel sector has come a long way in cementing itself as a world leader and a frontrunner to India’s economic growth and development.

Author’s Bio :

Vanshika Tuteja is a third-year law student at the National Law University, Jodhpur. Passionate about Fashion Law and Intellectual Property Rights, she actively contributes through writing and research in these fields. Vanshika serves as a Student Editor at the Fashion Law Journal, where she engages with various facets of the intersection of Law and the Fashion Industry.

[1] Indian Textile and Apparel Market Report by Raw Material (Natural Fibres, Man-Made Fibres), Application (Clothing Textiles, Technical Textiles, Fashion Textiles, Home-Décor Textiles, and Other Textiles), Product Type (Yarn, Fabric, Fibre, and Others), and State 2024-2032, Imarc, last visited 12 Oct 2024 < https://www.imarcgroup.com/indian-textiles-apparel-market>.

[2] Madhu Sharma, Indian History of Textile and Apparel Sector, 7 Int’l J. Mod. Trends Sci. & Tech. 360 (2021).

[3] Indian Textile and Apparel Industry Analysis, Ibef, last accessed 12 Oct 2024 < https://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-textiles-and-apparel-industry-analysis-presentation>.

[4] Id.

[5] Government working to expand textile sector’s role in Viksit Bharat: PM Narendra Modi, The Hindu BusinessLine, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/government-working-to-expand-textile-sectors-role-in-viksit-bharat-pm/article67888620.ece>.

[6] The Significance of Textile Exports in the Indian Economy, The Yarn Bazaar, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://theyarnbazaar.com/blogs/significance-of-textile-exports-in-indian-economy.html>.

[7] Textile Sector in India, Nivesh Mitra Government of UP, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=nivesh+mitra+up+textiles&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8>.

[8] Image Source < https://niveshmitra.up.nic.in/Textiles.aspx>.

[9]Inflation curbs the Indian Textile Industry, Fibre 2 Fashion, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/3487/inflation-curbs-the-indian-textile-industry#:~:text=Inflation%20is%20a%20challenge%20to,of%20imported%20goods%20specifically%20apparels.>.

[10] Supra Note 10.

[11] Textile-Clothing, Coface, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://www.coface.com/news-economy-and-insights/business-risk-dashboard/sector-risk-files/textile-clothing>.

[12] Mini Tejaswi, Growing demand for natural fibres opens up huge farming opportunities in India, The Hindu, last accessed 13 Oct 2024 < https://www.thehindu.com/business/growing-demand-for-natural-fibres-opens-up-huge-farming-opportunities-in-india-mayank-tiwari-of-reshamandi/article65671554.ece>.

[13] Supra Note 1.

[14] Image Source < https://www.imarcgroup.com/indian-textiles-apparel-market>.

[15] Supra Note 7.

[16] Supra Note 10.

[17] Supra Note 7.

[18] Image Source < https://niveshmitra.up.nic.in/Textiles.aspx>.

[19] Supra Note 7.

[20] Ministry of Textiles organizes ‘Viksit Bharat – Technical Textiles for Sustainable Growth & Development’ conference under the 100-day programme, Ministry of Textiles, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2058715#:~:text=The%20Minister%20stated%20that%20the,Apparel%20and%20Technical%20Textiles%2C%20etc.>.

[21] Vision, Strategy and Action Plan for Indian Textile and Apparel Sector, Ministry of Textiles < https://texmin.nic.in/sites/default/files/Vision%20Strategy%20Action%20Plan%20for%20Indian%20Textile%20Sector-July15.pdf>.

[22] Id.

[23] Schemes Launched by the Government in Textile Sector for Employment Generation, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1808759>.

[24] Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Textiles, Press Information Bureau, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1753118>.

[25] About Technical Textiles, Ministry of Textiles, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://nttm.texmin.gov.in/PI/AboutMission>.

[26] Image Source < https://textileinsights.in/indian-union-budget-2024-key-initiatives-to-boost-textile-leather-and-msme-sectors/>.

[27] India Goes Green: Textile Industry, Invest India, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://www.investindia.gov.in/siru/india-goes-green-textile-industry>.

[28] Id.

[29] PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA), Government of India, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/pm-mega-integrated-textile-region-and-apparel-pm-mitra>.

[30] Supra Note 28.

[31] Latest Innovations & Technology in the Indian Textile Industry, Iff, last accessed 14 Oct 2024 < https://www.imagesbof.in/latest-innovations-technology-in-the-indian-textile-industry/#:~:text=Indian%20textile%20manufacturers%20are%20exploring,as%20needed%20without%20excess%20inventory.>.

Virgil Abloh was a visionary who redefined the boundaries of luxury fashion.  One of his biggest inspirations was architecture, a field  He studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). Abloh was particularly moved by Rem Koolhaas’s building at IIT, which sparked his interest in fashion. His background in architecture informed his approach to fashion, allowing him to think about design in terms of space and structure much like an architect would, but using textiles and models instead of paper and concrete. Understanding the concept of space, quality of materials, and the process closely parallels how revolutionary fashion designs and trends are made. Additionally, “both fashion and architecture express ideas of personal, social and cultural identity”, something that Abloh delved into when creating designs for Off White which were inspired by hip-hop culture, and predominantly participated in by Black Americans (Hodge).

Career Trajectory

Though Abloh is well known for his brand, Off White, many experiences added to bring him the wisdom he needed to make Off White such a success in the fashion world. Abloh stepped foot in the fashion industry in 2009 when he interned at Fendi in Rome with Kanye West. In the same year, Abloh and West attended the Paris Fashion Week. Abloh, West, and other friends were photographed outside the Comme des Garçons Homme show wearing unconventional pieces such as leopard leggings and cowboy boots. After interning at Fendi, Abloh became a Creative Director at Donda, West’s creative agency. In this position, Virgil worked on several iconic projects, one of them being the cover of Watch The Throne made in 2011 with Riccardo Tisci, an album that earned him a Grammy nomination.

Streetwear meets High Fashion

Things kicked off for Abloh after launching Off White, which was branded as “the gray area between black and white”. This name is well fit for the ambiguity that many people felt around the brand and its products. Bystanders struggled to grasp the concept of streetwear being associated with luxury. This led to Abloh making a statement; “This isn’t a streetwear brand. This isn’t a contemporary brand. This is designer, just the same way that X, Y, Z are designers, where you say their name and it carries this whole esteem and emotion to it”. Virgil Abloh made it clear that the style of clothes did not define the category they fall into. What we refer to now as “streetwear” can also be considered high fashion and in the luxury market. Through Off White, Abloh articulated that luxury is not limited to preppy, fancy items but is reflected in the quality, thoughts, and emotions put into birthing such a commodity. For far too long, streetwear faced criticism for lacking sophistication or simply being a style that “trendy teenagers” opted for. After Abloh made space for Off-White as a high fashion and luxury brand, there was a wave of de-stigmatization around streetwear, ultimately gaining respect and perhaps, “another chance”. After the launch of Off White, luxury brands like Louis Vuitton implemented hip-hop-inspired styles; Fendi, which initially rejected Abloh’s leather joggers prototype in 2009, capitalized on his very idea in 2013. With all that said, Abloh did not need brands like Louis Vuitton and Fendi’s participation to understand that streetwear is luxurious. As a result of this shift, many fashion enthusiasts realized streetwear is a way to carry yourself unconventionally, a way to make a statement that high fashion has no restrictions. Streetwear was no longer a style merely associated with hip hop but became an internationally recognized niche of clothing. Now, street wear has become the norm not only for youth, but anyone who wishes to express themselves in such a manner.

Philanthropy

In 2018 Abloh was named artistic director of Louis Vuitton’s menswear ready-to-wear line. This was a significant event in high fashion as Abloh was the first person of African descent to lead the brand’s menswear line. Abloh’s accomplishment gave inspiration to many other proteges from marginalized communities to pursue their dreams in the fashion industry, no matter how impossible they may have seemed. Additionally, looking back at 2009 Paris Fashion Week, Abloh said in an interview, “We were a generation that was interested in fashion and weren’t supposed to be there”, meaning Abloh not only dealt with the fashion industry’s inevitable high barriers to entry but racial discrimination as well. The culmination of such events led Abloh to actualize his advocacy for equity and inclusion in the fashion industry through a scholarship fund. It is named “Post-Modern” which to this day, identifies promising students of Black, African-American, or African descent and financially supports their aspirations to enter and participate in the fashion industry.

Legacy

Abloh had a full circle moment in 2021 when his designs for Louis Vuitton hit the runway at Paris Fashion Week, the same place where Abloh was a nobody back in 2009, photographed in his eye-catching cyan blue vest and yellow sneakers. Unfortunately, In 2019, Abloh was diagnosed with cardiac angiosarcoma which took his life in 2021. Abloh lived a life filled with passion for his work and induced a collaborative environment within the fashion industry, encouraging new talent and collaborating with creatives to establish new intersections. His collaboration with brands such as Champion, Nike, Sunglass Hut, and Ikea demonstrated his ideology that innovation comes from blending diverse perspectives and areas of expertise. As Selby Drummond, the chief brand officer at Bumble mentioned, “his work was a paradigm shift in an industry which can be very protective and territorial”. Ultimately, Abloh Proved that having unconventional thoughts and ideas and collaborating to bring those ideas to reality presents more opportunities for success and recognition than adhering to the norm and working independently in a cut-throat environment. This legacy which Abloh left behind continues to inspire many creatives to question boundaries and redefine high-fashion.

Author Name: Kavya Arumili

References:

Friedman, Vanessa. “Virgil Abloh, Path-Blazing Designer, Is Dead at 41 (Published 2021).” The New York Times, 3 December 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/style/virgil-abloh-dead.html. Accessed 8 August 2024.

Gallagher, Jacob. “Virgil Abloh Left an Outsize Impact on Global Fashion and Culture.” The Wall Street Journal, 30 November 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/virgil-abloh-left-an-outsize-impact-on-global-fashion-and-culture-11638145499. Accessed 8 August 2024.

Hodge, Brooke, and Patricia Mears. Skin and Bones: Parallel Practices in Fashion and Architecture. Museum of Contemporary Art, 2006. Accessed 8 August 2024.

Martino, Francesco. “The story of the internship of Kanye West and Virgil Abloh at Fendi.” nss magazine, 16 February 2021, https://www.nssmag.com/en/fashion/25226/kanye-west-virgil-abloh-stage-fendi. Accessed 8 August 2024.

Parisi, Danny, et al. “Virgil Abloh ‘changed the shape of the luxury fashion industry.’” Glossy, 29 November 2021, https://www.glossy.co/fashion/virgil-abloh-changed-the-shape-of-the-luxury-fashion-industry/. Accessed 8 August 2024.

Ton, Tommy. Vogue, 2009, https://www.vogue.com/article/fashion-runway-kanye-went-paris-fashion-week-ready-to-wear-2017. Photograph.

In recent years, consumers, especially Gen Zs and millennials, have become more cognizant of fashion brands’ diversity and inclusion practices, or lack thereof. It has become an increasingly significant factor in their decision to support brands, resulting in backlash and boycotting of offending brands. Despite the importance of cultural sensitivity to not just consumers, but on promoting and ensuring equality and remaining relevant in today’s increasingly political world, numerous fashion brands have been affronting the values of cultural sensitivity.

Dolce & Gabbana’s “Eating with Chopsticks” commercials were filmed as a promotion to their Shanghai fashion show, and premiered on Weibo, a Chinese social media network. The ads showcased an Asian model attempting to eat Italian food with chopsticks. Although intended to be humorous, the Chinese population called the ads disrespectful, racist and sexist. The ads were pulled and Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana apologised on Weibo. This alone might’ve put the matter to bed, if it hadn’t eventually come out that Gabbana’s apology was inauthentic, rather, he believed there to be no issue with the ad but with the viewers. This had a disastrous impact on Dolce and Gabbana’s reputation- retailers stopped selling their products, and the Shanghai fashion show was ultimately shelved due to models and celebrities distancing themselves from the event. In the chaos, Dolce and Gabbana’s brand value dropped by 20%. Luxury fashion brands’ reliance on reputation means losing in the court of public opinion causes losses in profits.

Real News, Dolce and Gabbana racist advert, English subtitles (pizza, cannoli)

However, this problem is not isolated to luxury brands. Urban Outfitters, a generally accessible brand, has an infamous history of producing offensive clothes. These include a blood splatter shirt referencing the 1970 Kent State shootings, a shirt with a six-pointed badge alluding to the Star of David badge Jewish people were forced to wear during the Holocaust and a dark shirt in a colour named “Obama/Black”. In addition to these obviously insensitive products, Urban Outfitters has also repeatedly profited off black culture without due credit and has a toxic work environment for people of colour. The website sells shirts featuring musicians like Aaliyah and Jimi Hendrix, while having primarily white executives and racially insensitive managers. It may be inferred that the lack of people of colour in executive positions could be a cause for offensive clothing items, as they do not share the experiences and outlooks of people of colour. However, it could also be said that a person of colour is not required to direct the brand to give credit where credit is due and maintain a healthy work environment for all races and ethnicities.

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Brands seemingly having won in the court of public opinion are not exempt from facing backlash for cultural insensitivity. Reformation, a Los Angeles brand lauded for being a pioneer in sustainability in the fashion space, were criticised for their internal practices by a black employee. She stated she was denied work promotions, watching them being handed to white colleagues instead. The impact of this was resounding on the brand’s hierarchy. The same weekend a diversity and inclusion board was announced, the founder and CEO, Yael Aflalo, posted an apology video, created an independent investigation into the workplace culture, announced a personal donation of $500,000 and resigned her post as CEO. Reformation was placed under fire regardless of their donations to Black Lives Matter, Reclaim the Block, Black Visions Collective, the NAACP and the ACLU, which were hailed as performative due to the lack of commitment to an inclusive workplace culture.

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There has been an uptick in cultural awareness in recent years, which may be linked to instances like these having had their time in the limelight. Fashion brands have, and must continue to, align their values and company practices with social change, much in the same way they keep pace with trends, in order to remain a force in the fashion industry and avoid backlash from their incredibly politically aware consumer base. Inclusivity in the fashion industry seems to be here to stay, and for the best.

Author Name: Natasha Sinha

References:

https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jun/13/fashion-brands-culture-george-floyd

https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2019/03/03/dolce-and-gabbana-gucci-burberry-caught-being-culturally-insensitive-diversity-isnt-the-fix/

https://medium.com/@weriselivethrive/cultural-insensitivity-understanding-recognizing-and-combating-it-86af4d13ec5c

Insulation and Warmth

Much like a human being it is not the outside that matters it is the inside – in this case, the inside of your winter shoes. Sure a woman’s winter shoe can look all warm from the outside and even be made with material that seems warm but you really need to check what the inside is lined with and use your Twitter fingers to find out what materials should a shoe be lined with to be considered warm. A good place to start is looking at shoes that have fleece, wool, or the fancy-schmancy Thinsulate!

Waterproofing

When winter comes, the roads get wet and there is nothing we can do about it. Due to this fact, it is crucial to pick the right shoes to protect your feet from moisture. Therefore, it is important to buy waterproof shoes made from materials like Gore-Tex or covered in protection membranes. Waterproof shoes keep your feet dry and at the same time, it is a breathable material. By making sure that our winter shoes are waterproof, we guarantee that we will not suffer the damping coldness. This results in more comfort, even if you will be wearing them for a long time.

Traction and Sole Quality

Slippery roads are just a typical winter inconvenience. Nevertheless, proper soles can significantly decrease the risk of accidents. Therefore look for soles made from rubber. They should have deep treads. This kind of sole allows you to gain a proper grip on smooth ice and snow. Nowadays, there are brands that utilize special systems that improve the grip on ice-covered roads. Therefore, by investing in the proper pair you will protect yourself against the pain of possibly slipping on say black ice and breaking something important.

Height and Coverage

Take into consideration how high up on your leg the shoe is. Ankle boots, for example, are fine for light snow, but something like a knee-high boot will give you slightly more protection from the snow. Also, if a boot is higher your leg has more coverage from the wind and will allow you to wear warm winter-specific pants much more easily. When choosing, consider how much snow and sleet your area sees and choose accordingly.

Comfort and Fit

You want your winter shoes to be as comfortable as possible. Make sure you’re purchasing something that fits your feet well and offers plenty of support and flexibility. Think about the socks you’ll be wearing and realize that you might need to go up in size if you’re wearing thick socks. Also, no matter how cute a shoe is, if it doesn’t feel good on you don’t wear it and don’t spend money on it. You don’t want painful shoes that you wear once and then stuff in your closet, you want something that’s cute and comfy and you’ll enjoy wearing all winter long.

Style Versatility

One of the most important considerations besides how they perform in the wintertime is how the shoes look. Thankfully many manufacturers are starting to make cute winter shoes that are functional. You’ll want winter shoes that complement your winter wardrobe needs, ie, booties that go with jeans and leggings (casual) or cold-weather shoes that are professional or dressy enough for evening wear.

Durability

For the sake of your wallet and future winter seasons, you want shoes that are durable and possibly ones that never go out of style. It is worth investing in a good pair of winter shoes that will stand up to the cold weather and even might burn a hole in your wallet but last you years! So make sure you do loads of homework and look for the sturdiest materials that winter shoes can be made of and as you shop keep this checklist in the back of your mind.

Shopping in the Right Place

Where you purchase your gear is as important as any other factor in the hunt for women’s winter shoes. The right retailers will have a good selection of brands, sizes, and types based on the customers they usually handle. We think the perfect place to discover women’s winter shoes is Allegro. A well-regarded purchasing platform like this one gives you instant access to all your favorite brands, saving you money while ensuring you get genuine products.

Finding The Right Winter Footwear for You

Women have so much to think about when they search for winter gear any time of year and bulky winter shoes are certainly no exception. From comfort to traction, you should think about so many things before you make a purchase. Use this guide as a guardian angel to figure out what your personal needs are. You will appreciate taking some extra time to examine what winter shoes have to offer. This will serve you later on down the line while ensuring your feet stay warm while you are out and about in the snow this season.

MARILYN MONROE’S WHITE DRESS IN “THE SEVEN YEAR ITCH” (1955)

Designed by William Travilla, Marilyn Monroe’s iconic white dress is a halter-neck style that effortlessly complements Monroe’s curvy figure and turns out to be an emblem of 1950s Hollywood, and the dress itself is often cited as one of the most renowned in film history. Monroe’s outfit emphasized her character’s flirtatious nature and cemented her status as a fashion icon. With its classic silhouette combined with Monroe’s charisma, the white dress inspires designers and is often referenced in popular culture.

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KAREENA KAPOOR KHAN’S OUTFITS IN “KABHI KHUSHI KABHIE GHAM” (2001)

 Bollywood has constantly had a profound connection with fashion, and Kareena Kapoor Khan’s depiction of the character Poo in “Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham” (K3G) is a demonstration of this relationship. Poo’s character was a fashion-forward, self-assured young lady, and her wardrobe mirrored her bold personality, with her attires ranging from dazzling Western attire to traditional Indian wear. Each outfit not only imitates Poo’s confidence and modern attitude but also becomes a fashion trendsetter in India. The red off-shoulder top from the song “You Are My Soniya” and the golden lehenga she wore during the “Bole Chudiyaan” sequence became instant sensations. These costumes, designed by Manish Malhotra, enthused a generation of young women to embrace a blend of Western and Indian fashion.

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ELEGANCE OF THE REGENCY-ERA IN “BRIDGERTON”

The series “Bridgerton” is known for its fascinating drama and desire and its magnificent costumes. It brought the Regency era’s fashion back into the spotlight with its elaborate gowns and intricate jewellery. The series, known for its opulent costumes, gave audiences a glimpse into the elegance of the period, with each character’s wardrobe meticulously designed to reflect their social status and personality. The show’s leading ladies, particularly Daphne Bridgerton, often donned empire-waist gowns adorned with delicate embroidery and paired with stunning chokers, tiaras, and gloves. Pastel colours and rich fabrics in the costumes evoked the era and added a modern, almost fantastical twist to the traditional Regency style.

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AUDREY HEPBURN’S BLACK DRESS IN “BREAKFAST AT TIFFANY’S” (1961)

When discussing iconic fashion in film, it is impossible to overlook Audrey Hepburn’s black dress in “Breakfast at Tiffany’s,” perhaps the most iconic little black dress in cinematic history that Hepburn wears while gazing into Tiffany’s windows. Designed by Hubert de Givenchy, the dress was stylish and minimalist, flawlessly expressing Hepburn’s charm. Paired with pearls, oversized sunglasses, and elbow-length gloves, the outfit symbolized timeless sophistication. Once a staple in every single lady’s wardrobe, the little black dress was raised to new elevations of admiration. It remains a timeless fashion piece, making it one of cinema’s most enduring fashion moments.

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THE POWER OF COSTUME DESIGN IN CINEMA

Costume design in film is more than just selecting clothing for characters; it is a vital aspect of storytelling. Through costumes, designers help to create a character’s temperament and evolution throughout the story. The choice of fabric, colour, and style can convey subtle messages about the character’s inner world or the film’s broader themes. For example, Monroe’s white dress and the Regency gowns in “Bridgerton” are examples of how film costumes can leave a lasting impact on fashion. These outfits are remembered for their aesthetic appeal and how they encapsulated the essence of the characters and the era they represented.

THE IMPACT OF ICONIC COSTUMES ON FASHION

These iconic costumes have done more than contribute to the visual storytelling of their respective films; they have left an indelible mark on the fashion industry. Designers often look to cinema for inspiration, creating collections that pay homage to these legendary looks. These costumes usually influence fashion long after the films have been released. Designers and fashion houses continue to draw inspiration from iconic film costumes, reinterpreting them in contemporary collections.

For instance, Bridgerton’s Regency-inspired fashion has sparked a resurgence of interest in historical dress, with fashion houses incorporating empire waists, puffed sleeves, and intricate embroidery into their collections. The show’s impact extends beyond the fashion industry, influencing bridal wear, with many brides opting for Bridgerton-inspired gowns for their weddings.

CONCLUSION

The relationship between fashion and film is symbiotic, with each medium influencing and enriching the other. Through iconic costumes, filmmakers create visual symbols that resonate with audiences, often shaping fashion trends and becoming part of cultural history. From Marilyn Monroe’s white dress to Audrey Hepburn’s little black dress, these outfits are more than just clothing; they are a powerful form of storytelling, capturing the essence of the characters and the era they inhabit. As the film evolves, so will the costumes that define it, ensuring that the connection between fashion and film remains as strong as ever.

 Author Name: Sakshi Negi

REGENCY ERA

In the Regency era, Beau Brummell, the English dandy, was the first menswear influencer whose power was exerted over the minds or behavior of the entire population and started the sartorial trend. His main motive was to simplify men’s fashion wear, which declines the use of tailcoats, frilled linen shirts, silk stockings, knee breeches, a waistcoat with embroidery and pattern, a long coats and encourages the use of long trousers, boots, buckskin, knotted cravats, plain immaculate linen shirts, and dark coats. He is also remembered for his participation in the “Great Male Renunciation” a fashion revolution that has changed men’s approach towards not using vibrant colors and emphasizing shapes and variety. He has also provided materials for ample books, short stories, films, etc. To illustrate this point, Brummel’s work on the 1954 film adaptation stars Stewart Granger and Elizabeth Taylor. Prince Regent (later George IV), a really good friend to Beau Brummel, was influenced by his idea of attention to detail and emphasis on tailoring. Prince Regent has popularized the use of luxurious fabrics and rich embroidery

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VICTORIAN ERA

In the Victorian era, Suits constituted a paragon for men’s fashion. The art of tailoring became more specific, with attention to detail and craftsmanship, and followed the ideology of Brummel. The frock coat became popular and was considered an article of standard clothing for gentlemen. Prince Albert brought to prominence the modern business suit comprised of trousers, jacket, and tie and his significant effect in the development of starched collars and cuffs. The Morning coat, a shorter version of the frock coat, became acceptable. They were not regarded as a formal coat but they were worn with matching trousers. During this period, industrialization took place, preeminent to the introduction of the sewing machine. As a result of industrialization and the arrival of the sewing machine, the middle class profited, and the suit became a standard article of clothing across all classes. Due to mass production, suits became readily attainable to everyone, and the use of machines reduced the cost of the product. It also caused the introduction of ready-to-wear suits which eliminated the requirement for customization and tailoring, making it more advantageous and affordable for the masses

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EDWARDIAN ERA

Edwardian style was a shift towards more comfortable and relaxed fashion. Due to the rise in sports and outdoor activity, heavy and earthy tones materials were used to compensate for the lack of heating and pollution in the countryside. King Edward VII’s approach towards fashion was modern, luxurious, stylish, and comfortable. He originated cuff by rolling up or turning up trousers to keep one’s trousers away from dirt, He also superseded the starch collar with a softer and relaxed one, and wider lapels were superseded with slim and narrow tailored lapels. Due to International travel which led to exposure to different cultures and countries that is the rise of tropical and colonial styles, the increased interchange of materials between Britain, America, and Europe led to a blend of fashion, and ideas.

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WAR AND POST-WAR ERA

After World War 1, The suit had a strong military dominance, trousers transformed from slim fit to wider fit, and single-breasted jackets with wide notch lapels were also mainstreamed and were seen in vogue, for instance, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Classic (the Great Gatsby) published in 1925. Music had a great impact on fashion, during the 1920’s The popularity of jazz increased which enabled designers to design suits with much more space so it would be easy to dance. Double-breasted jackets became a statement during the jazz era and legendary jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were fashion trendsetters, tighter pants (flashy colors) and loose jackets made their comeback because of it. In the 1930s high rise pants, waist compression, and wide shoulders which elaborate masculine silhouettes and drape suits started to get popular. In the 1940s, the Second World War resulted in a shortage of materials which enabled to creation minimalistic style. In the 1960s personalities around the world like the Rock band Beatles and its Sullivan jacket (black wool with upper half winged lapels in black velvet) and politicians such as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and its jacket known as Nehru Jacket (waistcoat) were popularized.

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MODERN DAY

The Slim suit made its comeback in the 2000s, and still, it has its significance; however, the jacket is more concise nowadays comparatively, and the suit does not have the same impact as a formal attire as it used to have; it is a versatile clothing item. Today, the suit is competent to experiment with different textures, materials, embroidery, diverse silhouettes, etc. The major influences in today’s world are celebrities, influencers, social media platforms, etc. Fashion nowadays is a personal expression of how one wants to represent themselves; suits can range from plain black and white suits to extraordinary suits. For instance, Ranveer Singh, a Bollywood Actor expresses his style in his variety of suits, experimenting with different textures, colors, fabrics, and silhouettes.

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The suit has evolved while maintaining its core elegance and charm. The diversity in men’s suits is immense; it directly represents the individual style. Contemporary trends are a mix of classic and modern trends. The modern suit is not limited to offices, business meetings, and courts but is regarded as a versatile garment that can be styled for various occasions.

Author Name: Sania Syed

In the U.S., fashion designers often lean on trade dress, a subset of trademark law, to protect their brand’s “look and feel.” Trade dress safeguards distinctive features if they are non-functional and recognized by consumers as a brand marker, such as Gucci’s recognizable patterns. Meanwhile, Europe offers more direct protection with its unregistered design right, which protects original designs for up to three years after creation. This brief period aligns well with fashion’s seasonal nature. In India, industrial design protection can apply to fashion designs if they meet originality and distinctiveness criteria. However, similar to other countries, these laws alone may not deter infringement effectively.

Given these constraints, fashion companies and designers are turning to contractual protections, such as NDAs and non-compete clauses, which address vulnerabilities not covered by IP laws.

The Role of Non-Disclosure Agreements in Fashion

In this context, confidentiality and non-compete clauses are essential tools to safeguard a company’s intellectual and strategic assets, fostering brand stability and development. The confidentiality agreement, or NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement), is an essential contract with collaborators and employees and, in particular, between two companies or partners collaborating on a project. In a strategic collaboration, the NDA is crucial to protect sensitive information exchanged during work, from design patterns to technical production details, commercial positioning strategies, and exclusive supplier contracts. 

An NDA between companies clearly establishes which information must remain confidential and for how long, ensuring that neither party can use the other’s information for its own advantage without authorization. These confidentiality agreements become even more important in contexts such as major mergers, acquisitions, business agreements, or the sale of business units, where the protection of financial, operational, and strategic information is crucial. When applied to collaborators, an effective NDA covers information that is not publicly available, adopting measures proportional to the strategic value of the data and the duration of the working relationship. In some cases, the NDA may be reciprocal, binding both parties to confidentiality, a common practice in strategic collaborations and joint projects. In any case, it is essential to comply with privacy regulations, ensuring that personal data is handled in accordance with GDPR and local laws. The non-compete clause, instead, limits a former employee’s or collaborator’s ability to work for a competitor or start a competing business. To be valid, this clause must respect strict limits on duration, geographic scope, and sector. Thus, the clause protects the company’s interests without being overly restrictive, allowing the worker to move into non-competing fields. Confidentiality and non-compete clauses protect corporate know-how and reduce the risk of former collaborators using acquired skills to benefit competitors. Including them in contracts helps to maintain brand stability even in the event of personnel changes, fostering an environment of trust and transparency with employees and collaborators. An example of the importance of using confidentiality and non-compete clauses can be found in high-end tailoring workshops, such as those of the Italian brand “Kiton,” where artisanal skills must be protected. Kiton’s tailors, in fact, use techniques passed down through generations, embodying the identity and distinctive value of the brand. Without a solid confidentiality clause, these methods could easily be disclosed. The non-compete clause is equally essential to prevent these artisans, once their working relationship with the company ends, from transferring their skills to a rival brand. 

Furthermore, the importance of an NDA can be seen in the recent collaboration between Prada and Axiom Space to develop spacesuits for lunar missions. Here, too, confidentiality is necessary to protect the technological and design innovations developed jointly. These examples demonstrate how confidentiality and non-compete clauses are essential tools not only in internal relationships with employees but also in collaborations between companies. 

To ensure that agreements are effectively applied, companies should use advanced management tools, such as software dedicated to contract monitoring, which respects collaborators’ privacy and data protection regulations. Monitoring, in fact, must be limited to document and contract management without encroaching on employees’ private sphere. If a violation is suspected, it is important, in compliance with current regulations, to conduct an internal investigation to gather documentary and testimonial evidence in accordance with legal requirements. Penalties must be proportionate, and, if foreseen as liquidated damages, should be commensurate with the estimated economic harm. If the harm is greater, compensation for the “greater damage” may be requested only if provided for by the clause. In particularly serious cases, such as the disclosure of significant corporate secrets, the company may also consider criminal penalties (articles 621, 622, and 623 of the Italian Penal Code), provided the circumstances fall within the legal provisions. These agreements, besides protecting the brand from external threats, create an atmosphere of trust with employees and collaborators, laying the foundations for solid and sustainable long-term growth.

For example, fashion houses in both the U.S. and Europe commonly require anyone accessing upcoming collections—employees, contractors, or even potential buyers—to sign NDAs. These agreements explicitly define what information is confidential and outline legal consequences for breaches. In the U.S., an NDA breach could lead to lawsuits for damages or injunctions to prevent further disclosure. In the European Union, NDAs are also upheld strongly, and companies may seek relief under trade secret laws if breaches occur.

NDAs are particularly useful in scenarios involving international production. When designers send their work to overseas manufacturers, an NDA ensures that proprietary information remains secure. For instance, if a brand’s new handbag design leaks prematurely, competitors can create knockoffs and flood the market, undermining the brand’s launch. Using NDAs across the production chain helps curb these risks, though designers still need to be cautious, as enforceability can be challenging across borders.

Non-Compete Clauses: Preventing Market Competition from Within

Non-compete clauses offer another layer of protection, especially from insiders who could leverage proprietary knowledge to compete with their former employer. These clauses prevent individuals from joining or starting a rival business within a specified timeframe or geographic area after leaving the company.

In the U.S., non-compete agreements are common in the fashion industry but vary in enforceability by state. California, for instance, generally prohibits non-compete clauses, viewing them as a restriction on the right to work. However, states like New York and Texas are more lenient, allowing non-competes if they are reasonable in scope, time, and geography. In Europe, non-compete agreements are enforceable under specific conditions. For instance, French labor law allows non-compete clauses but requires that employers provide compensation for the restriction. Similarly, in the UK, they must be justified by a legitimate business interest to avoid being struck down in court.

In India, non-compete clauses face challenges under Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, which generally deems agreements that restrict trade void. However, courts in India have upheld non-competes when they apply post-employment, provided they are reasonable and protect trade secrets.

A common scenario illustrating the use of non-compete clauses is when a senior designer or creative director leaves a brand. Without a non-compete, they could take sensitive information about the brand’s unique aesthetic, upcoming trends, or market strategies to a competitor, effectively putting the original brand at a disadvantage.

Complementary Use of NDAs and Non-Compete Clauses

Using NDAs and non-compete clauses together provides a more robust shield for fashion designs. NDAs secure confidentiality during collaboration, while non-competes extend protection post-employment or post-collaboration, preventing former partners from immediately joining competitors.

For instance, a brand collaborating with an independent designer may use an NDA to keep project details confidential and a non-compete to prevent the designer from using that experience to benefit a competitor within a defined period. This combined strategy is critical in an industry where trends evolve quickly, and early exposure can lead to rapid imitation.

Limitations and Legal Challenges

While valuable, NDAs and non-compete clauses have their limitations. Enforcing NDAs often requires substantial resources, and companies without the means to pursue legal action may find them ineffective. For non-competes, overly restrictive terms may be seen as impinging on an individual’s right to work and can be invalidated by courts. Legal experts recommend tailoring these clauses specifically to enhance enforceability. For example, instead of a broad restriction, a company might limit non-competes to direct competitors or roles with similar responsibilities to the employee’s previous position.

Conclusion

Non-disclosure agreements and non-compete clauses are versatile tools that supplement traditional IP protections, securing proprietary information during both collaboration and post-employment phases. However, these clauses must be crafted carefully to comply with the legal norms of each jurisdiction, whether in the U.S., Europe, or India.

For fashion designers, navigating these contractual and legal protections is crucial for maintaining their creative edge and securing their brand’s value in an industry that never sleeps. By seeking legal counsel and understanding jurisdiction-specific nuances, brands can establish a fortified approach to protect their designs, ensuring that their ideas remain exclusive and their creative investments yield a return.

Sources:

• “They Are Everywhere, But Are Non-Compete Restrictions Actually Effective?” The Fashion Law, https://www.thefashionlaw.com/they-are-everywhere-but-are-non-compete-restrictions-actually-effective/
• “Fashion Designers and Non-Competition Agreements,” Fashion Law Wiki, https://fashionlawwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/11611191/fashion%20designers%20and%20non-competition%20agreements.
• “From Milan to the Moon – Intellectual Property Considerations in Prada’s Collaboration with Axiom Space,” Stevens & Bolton LLP, https://viewpoints.stevens-bolton.com/post/102jnez/from-milan-to-the-moon-intellectual-property-considerations-in-pradas-collabor
• “Non-Disclosure Agreement vs. Non-Compete Agreement,” LegalNature, https://www.legalnature.com/guides/non-disclosure-agreement-vs-non-compete-agreement
• “The Federal Trade Commission’s Attempt to Ban U.S. Non-Compete Agreements: Why and What Next?” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/federal-trade-commissions-attempt-ban-us-non-compete-agreements-why-what-next-2024-07-11/
• “How Will the Ban of Noncompete Clauses Impact the Fashion Industry?” Luxury Daily, https://www.luxurydaily.com/how-will-the-ban-of-noncompete-clauses-impact-the-fashion-industry/
• “Prada and Axiom Space,” Prada, https://www.prada.com/ww/en/pradasphere/special-projects/2024/prada-axiom.html
• “NDAs and Confidentiality Agreements: What You Need to Know,” Thomson Reuters, https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/articles/confidentiality-agreements
• “How Effective Are Non-Compete Restrictions?” The Fashion Law, https://www.thefashionlaw.com/they-are-everywhere-but-are-non-compete-restrictions-actually-effective/
• “Non-Disclosure Agreement vs. Non-Compete Agreement,” LegalNature, https://www.legalnature.com/guides/non-disclosure-agreement-vs-non-compete-

About Authors:

Anuj Kumar:

Anuj is also Founder & editor-in-chief of Fashion Law Journal, an exclusive resource for legal issues involving the fashion industry. Anuj has been assisting fashion brands in Compliances required for Fashion Industry, the issues of Licensing, Merchandising, and protecting IP, Labour, and the Rights of stakeholders. Anuj is also founder of Legal Desire Media (among leading legal industry insights media with over 3 Million+ readership), having experience of 12 years in Publishing, Compliances, Business Development & Marketing, closely working with over 50+ global brands, influencers & law firms in various practices for comprehensive business development solutions, empowering small firms to successfully build their brands,  connect with consumers to grow their practice. Serving clients in brand setup, industry compliances, managing their digital properties, business Development goals & Corporate Communications, etc. Visit: www.anujkumar.in

Stefania Gallo: 

Stefania Gallo is a professional in the legal sector of fashion and luxury, with a solid education and focused experience in the legal matters of these fields. A graduate in Law from the Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, she developed her thesis in Civil Procedural Law, delving into precautionary protection within the luxury industry.
As a specialist in Fashion Law, Luxury Law, and Intellectual Property, Stefania combines legal expertise with a keen approach to emerging topics in the sector, gaining skills through numerous specialized courses in areas such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and international arbitration, exploring new legal frontiers for these industries.
She has participated as a speaker in fashion law conferences, offering an Italian legal perspective on topics of global interest.
Stefania is also the founder of Fashion Law Italia, a platform dedicated to legal dissemination in the fashion industry. This project merges solid legal expertise with a deep understanding of market dynamics.

]]> https://fashionlawjournal.com/protecting-original-fashion-designs-the-role-of-non-disclosure-and-non-compete-clauses/feed/ 0 https://fashionlawjournal.com/how-the-nazi-occupation-of-paris-affected-haute-couture/ https://fashionlawjournal.com/how-the-nazi-occupation-of-paris-affected-haute-couture/#respond Mon, 11 Nov 2024 07:30:42 +0000 https://fashionlawjournal.com/?p=8961 Luxurious. Handcrafted. Meticulous. These are all words that describe Haute Couture. With its reputation of involving the highest level of workmanship and skill in clothing, one may consider how it has been able to flourish all these years.

The answer to that is more complicated than it seems. During World War II, once German troops set foot in Paris, international designers fled, businesses were shut down, and many workers were killed. The future seems bleak for haute couture, that is, until designer Lucien Lelong entered the picture.

As a haute couture designer, Lelong was driven to keep the industry in Paris. He was able to negotiate with the Germans to not move the industry to Austria and instead to stay in Paris, arguing that the ateliers would work most efficiently and to their best ability in Paris. Hitler reluctantly allowed this with the condition that they would follow Nazi regulations and to stop all exports. As a result of his decision, Paris was cut off from knowledge about trends from the outside world.

Despite this, the haute couture designs continued to be intricate and extravagant. Coupled with the fact that top designers worked together with occupational forces, this eventually led to controversies. It could be argued that they did this to protect themselves as well as the industry. Their cooperation and collaboration during this time was necessary for survival. Still, as Paris suffered from fabric shortages, couture houses continued to operate.

Following the scandal, trade organization the Chambre Syndicale started to send miniature mannequins to international buyers in order to increase the popularity of haute couture in what was known as the Théâtre de la Mode.

This had a significant impact that sparked a renewed interest in haute couture. As the dolls traveled around the world, haute couture was exposed to the globe. From the tight embroidery to the intricate detailing, haute couture took the world by storm.

Works Cited

De La Haye, Amy. “Essay: Haute Couture under Occupation | SHOWstudio.” Showstudio.com, 1 July 2020, www.showstudio.com/projects/fashion-in-a-time-of-crisis/haute-couture-under-occupation#:~:text=By%20February%201943%2C%20just%2047. Accessed 9 Aug. 2024.

erinnlarsen. “Haute Couture during World War II.” Refashioning History, 22 May 2017, refashioninghistory.com/2017/05/21/haute-couture-during-world-war-ii/.

Unsplash. Woman Wearing Gray and Black One-Shoulder Dress, 11 Sept. 2019, unsplash.com/photos/woman-wearing-gray-and-black-one-shoulder-dress-XRDvrd5N5Ww.

Author name: Valerie Lam