A capsule wardrobe is all about versatility, quality, and timeless appeal. It’s a carefully curated collection of pieces that mix and match seamlessly, making outfit planning a breeze. Whether you’re heading to brunch, the office, or a last-minute dinner date, your wardrobe should work for you, not against you.

So, where do you start? With the basics.

1.   Build on the Basics

Every timeless wardrobe starts with quality essentials. These are the pieces that you’ll reach for time and time again, the foundation of your style. Think:

• A crisp white button-down (effortlessly chic, no matter the season)
• The perfect pair of jeans (find a fit that flatters and never let it go)
• A tailored blazer (because nothing says, ‘I’ve got my life together’ like a well-cut blazer)
• A classic trench coat (an investment that will last for years)
• A little black dress (because obviously)

The key here? Fit and fabric. Choose pieces that are well-made and flattering. Trust me, you’ll notice the difference.

2.   Add Versatile Statement Pieces

Once you’ve nailed the basics, it’s time to add a splash of personality. A capsule wardrobe doesn’t have to be boring! It should reflect you!

Think about:

• A structured handbag that goes with everything
• Gold jewelry that adds a touch of elegance to the plainest of outfits
• A silk scarf (tie it around your neck, your wrist, or your handbag—instant chic)
• A pair of killer heels or luxe flats that makes every step feel intentional

These subtle but impactful touches are what take an outfit from ‘just okay’ to effortlessly stylish.

3.   The Power of a Signature Scent

Style isn’t just about what you wear—it’s about the way you present yourself. The way you carry yourself, your confidence, and yes, even your fragrance.

A signature perfume is just as essential as a classic blazer or a go-to handbag. It should reflect you—timeless, refined, and truly original. Whether you want something rich and sophisticated or light and fruity, the best Amouage perfumes for women have you covered.

Think of your perfume as the finishing touch to your outfit—the detail that lingers in people’s minds long after you’ve left the room.

4.   Invest in Quality Over Trends

The goal of a capsule wardrobe isn’t to chase trends—it’s to build a collection of timeless pieces that stand the test of time. Instead of impulse-buying trendy items that won’t last beyond the season, focus on quality over quantity.

Look for classic silhouettes, neutral colors, and luxurious fabrics that feel amazing to wear—your future self (and your wardrobe space) will thank you.

Final Thoughts: Simplify, Elevate, Repeat

Creating a capsule wardrobe isn’t about restrictions—it’s about curation. With the right essentials, a few statement pieces, and the perfect finishing touches (like the best Amouage perfumes for women), you’ll never have to stress about what to wear again.

Because when your wardrobe works for you, getting dressed becomes effortless. And honestly, isn’t that what we all want?

The Trump administration has maintained a 145% tariff on Chinese imports, while Beijing has upheld a 125% retaliatory tariff on U.S. goods. A pivotal development impacting fashion brands is the elimination of the de minimisrule, a cornerstone for ultra-fast fashion retailers like Shein and Temu.​

Let’s delve into the legal and strategic implications for the fashion industry.

1. De Minimis No More: Cross-Border E-Commerce Faces a Legal Overhaul

Effective May 2, 2025, the U.S. will eliminate the duty-free entry for foreign goods under $800 from China and Hong Kong. Instead, shipments will incur a $100 flat fee per package, escalating to $200 on June 1^[1]. This change disrupts the business models of platforms like Shein and Temu, which previously leveraged the de minimis exemption to ship low-cost packages directly to U.S. consumers without tariffs.

The new policy necessitates comprehensive compliance with U.S. customs regulations, including accurate declarations of item values and adherence to import processes. Failure to adapt promptly may result in customs disputes, regulatory penalties, and diminished market presence.​

2. Intellectual Property Risks Amid Supply Chain Realignments

In response to heightened tariffs and uncertainties in China, many fashion brands are shifting production to countries like Vietnam, India, and Bangladesh. However, these rapid transitions pose legal challenges, such as the need to re-register trademarks and designs in new jurisdictions, varying levels of IP enforcement, and potential lapses in confidentiality and exclusivity standards.​

The fast fashion sector, already under scrutiny for IP infringement risks, must proactively develop territorial IP protection strategies and secure rights in emerging manufacturing hubs to mitigate potential legal pitfalls.​

3. Shein’s IPO: Navigating Regulatory Complexities

Shein has received approval from the UK Financial Conduct Authority to proceed with its IPO in London. However, the company still awaits clearance from Chinese regulators. Amid these regulatory hurdles, Shein is reportedly considering reducing its valuation from $50 billion to approximately $30 billion to facilitate the IPO process^[2]. ​

This scenario underscores the intricate interplay between data governance, supply chain transparency, and cross-jurisdictional compliance in the fashion industry’s legal landscape.​

4. Tariffs Impacting Specific Fashion Sectors

The imposition of tariffs has notably affected sectors like the bridal industry. U.S. retailers report that the cost of imported wedding gowns, many manufactured in China, could potentially double. This situation compels boutique owners to make challenging decisions: absorb the increased costs, raise prices, or discontinue certain brands. Consequently, contract renegotiations and exclusivity clauses may require reassessment. ​

This development highlights the broader legal implications of tariff volatility on product pricing, contract enforcement, and consumer protection laws^[3].​

Conclusion: Trade Law’s Integral Role in Fashion

The ongoing trade tensions signify more than a political dispute; they represent a fundamental restructuring of global fashion operations. Legal professionals must not only comprehend these shifts but also anticipate their cascading effects across sourcing, branding, compliance, and consumer protection.​

In this evolving economic landscape, legal foresight is paramount. Whether it’s guiding IPOs, safeguarding intellectual property, or reviewing import contracts, the role of legal counsel is central and increasingly critical.​

Fashion law is no longer niche. It’s the framework holding the industry together.

References:

^[1] Investopedia, “A Trade Loophole Is Closing. Here’s What That Means for Your Online Shopping Costs,” April 18, 2025.
https://www.investopedia.com/de-minimis-exemption-rule-11715853

^[2] Reuters, “Shein gains UK approval for London IPO, awaits China nod,” April 11, 2025.
https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/shein-gains-uk-approval-london-ipo-awaits-china-nod-sources-say-2025-04-11/

^[3] AP News, “Sellers of secondhand clothes prepare for tariffs to give their businesses a boost,” April 21, 2025.
https://apnews.com/article/0d6de65d89435b96fc396e53a77381f5

By Kélicia Massala, LL.M., Editorial Board Member, Fashion Law Journal

John D. Idol, Capri’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,  in a statement stated that, “Versace is an iconic Italian fashion luxury house founded 46 years ago by Gianni Versace and further developed under the creative vision of Donatella Versace. Over the last six years, we have made tremendous progress in repositioning the brand to place greater emphasis on its luxury heritage and exceptional craftsmanship. Through elevated product, marketing and store enhancements, the brand is now well positioned for sustainable long-term growth. We are confident that Prada Group is the perfect company to further guide Versace into its next era of growth and success.”

It seems that Prada aims to diversify its brand portfolio and enhance its position in the market against its counterparts. This news comes shortly after Donatella Versace stepped down from her role as creative director after 30 years. Both the brands have different aesthetics, with Prada being minimalistic and Versace being bold will attract a new set of customers.

Prada is committed to keep the legacy of Versace and its aesthetic as it integrates it into the brand. The Prada Group’s Chairman and Executive Director stated, “​​We aim to continue Versace’s legacy celebrating and re-interpreting its bold and timeless aesthetic; at the same time, we will provide it with a strong platform, reinforced by years of ongoing investments and rooted in longstanding relationships.”   

Prada believes in the potential of Versace, Andrea Guerra, the Group Chief Executive Officer of Prada mentions that, “Versace has huge potential. The journey will be long and will require disciplined execution and patience.” 

The Prada- Versace acquisition is not just a business move it is much more. It could boost the revenue of the company and could reassert Italy’s dominance in the global luxury fashion which has been dominated by the French for a while. This could be a beginning for more strategic collaborations within the Italian luxury sector and would be momentous in shaping the next chapter of global luxury.

News Coverage by Hareena Sandhu

But here’s the elephant in the dressing room—should fashion be that imitable? Is it truly for everyone? And how accessible should it be?

Fashion, at its core, belongs to everyone. Style, however, is personal. When a brand creates something with a spirit that is uniquely its own, it isn’t just making a product—it’s igniting a cultural moment. The goal? To create an insatiable desire, a viral frenzy, a consumer stampede—where everyone covets the piece of the season. But how far will you go to get your hands on the item that’s selling out faster than you can say “add to cart”?

For some, it’s a game of AMEX swipes, waitlists, and personal shoppers. For others, it’s months of saving, trading avocado toast for instant noodles, cutting corners just to afford that first piece of couture. And then, there’s the alternative—settling for a copy, a “respectable” imitation, something that mimics the dream until you can afford the real thing. Because in a world obsessed with having fashion, the real question remains—how much does owning it truly cost?

If you’re not willing to sell a kidney for a micro bag, you do the next best thing—settle for the bait fast fashion is selling. From distilled versions of viral runway moments to their own take on the hottest trends, brands like Zara, H&M, Mango, Primark and Steve Madden have turned aspiration into affordable reality. They don’t outright steal; they simply “reinterpret”—just enough to let fashion enthusiasts fill their wardrobes without completely erasing the essence of the original.

Zara: The Art of the Almost-Legal Copy

Zara, in particular, has perfected this game. It’s always the first to jump on global trends, cultural moments, and celebrity obsessions—without ever needing a single collaboration with a designer or couture house. Unlike its Inditex sibling H&M, which prefers to play by the rules with couture collabs (from Mugler’s legendary pieces to Sabyasachi’s India-sells-out-in-minutes moment), Zara operates with a different, more uniquely adaptive nature.

The Spanish fast fashion giant has built an empire by distilling high-end runway looks into affordable, mass-market products at lightning speed. Traditional luxury houses spend months perfecting their collections—Zara replicates and delivers trends to stores in two weeks. That efficiency, however, has earned it a reputation as fashion’s most infamous copycat.

The accusations are endless:

• Balenciaga’s Sock Sneakers – Zara launched a nearly identical version right after Balenciaga’s became a cult classic.

• Céline’s Minimalism – Phoebe Philo’s structured coats and handbags found suspiciously familiar counterparts in Zara’s aisles.

• Bottega Veneta’s Quilted Sandals – The high-fashion woven leather trend was quickly reimagined for Zara shoppers.

• Indie Designer Scandals – Small designers like Tuesday Bassen have publicly accused Zara of copying their artwork without credit.

And yet, despite the uproar—nothing truly happens. Zara faces outrage, Twitter threads go viral, designers call it out… and then? The cycle repeats.

Why Zara Always Gets Away With It

Here’s the hard truth—fashion design, unlike logos or original artwork, is not easily protected under intellectual property law. A brand may own a design in spirit, but unless it has a design patent, trademark, or copyright, Zara (or any other fast fashion giant) can make minor tweaks and sidestep legal repercussions.

Take Christian Louboutin vs. Yves Saint Laurent (2011) as a case in point. Louboutin sued YSL for making red-soled shoes, arguing that it infringed on Louboutin’s trademark. The court ruled that Louboutin’s signature red sole was only protected when the shoe’s upper was a contrasting color—meaning YSL could continue selling all-red versions. The case proved that fashion elements can be trademarked, but only under specific conditions. A red sole? Maybe. An entire silhouette? That’s where the law gets blurry.

Even when lawsuits are successful, enforcement remains a challenge. Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, and Bottega Veneta vs. Steve Madden (2010s–2020s) is another example. Steve Madden has repeatedly been sued for copying high-end footwear, from McQueen’s iconic “Armadillo” shoes to Balenciaga’s “Triple S” sneakers. The cases often rely on design patents, which only protect ornamental aspects for a limited time—allowing brands like Madden (and by extension, Zara) to tweak details just enough to escape legal consequences.

When Copies Cross the Line

Sometimes, imitation goes beyond silhouettes and into protected territory—like prints and signature patterns. Take Burberry vs. Target (2018). Burberry sued Target for selling scarves featuring an unmistakably familiar checkered pattern. Unlike design elements, patterns can be trademarked, allowing Burberry to take legal action. Even then, knockoffs persist because brands find loopholes—change a shade, tweak a stripe, make it just different enough.

The Uncomfortable Truth: Fashion’s Imitation Economy

As long as fashion exists, and the bar for making it “accessible” remains high, imitation will continue to fuel the industry—luxury and fast fashion alike. High fashion houses once thrived on exclusivity, crafting pieces that sparked FOMO and ignited cultural hysteria. But when prices reach kidney-selling levels, fast fashion steps in, offering the same coveted looks at a fraction of the cost. Whether it’s an almost-identical dupe or a cleverly spun “reinterpretation,” the allure of the original is no longer out of reach.

But where does that leave the industry? Straddling the line between exclusivity and accessibility, creativity and commerce, law and loopholes. Fashion has morphed into a game of “who wears it first,” where brands race to capture the viral moment—and more often than not, it’s a race to see who can copy it first. Luxury, once defined by scarcity, now faces a new reality—one in which virality, mass production, and social media trends have made the once elusive charm of couture just another item on the fast fashion conveyor belt. The question remains: What happens when the essence of luxury is eroded by its own desire for mass appeal? The very thing that once made luxury rare—its scarcity—has now become its undoing, reduced to a spectacle in the hands of the masses.

In the end, the industry’s future seems clear: as long as luxury exists, fast fashion will follow, churning out replicas and reimaginings, stitching aspiration into affordable fabric. It leaves you wondering—can true creativity thrive in a world where everything is a trend waiting to be copied? Or is fashion’s real evolution just one giant cycle of imitation, chasing the next big thing until even the “originals” are just another version of déjà vu?

Author:

Mitisha Mavani

Student Editor at Fashion Law Journal

The brand’s transformation and reinvention

One of Anderson’s key strategies was to safeguard and celebrate Loewe’s rich legacy in Spanish leather craftsmanship while also incorporating modern design elements in a seamless manner. Under his direction, the brand honoured old, traditional techniques while also introducing fresh and modern aesthetics, ensuring that the label remained both meaningful and unique. His approach reintroduced luxury by celebrating craft, originality, and a forward-looking fashion, thus giving Loewe a fresh and dynamic vision best suited for today’s luxury fashion landscape. He also honoured and celebrated old traditional craftmanship by paying tribute and credits for their expertise and style while staying relevant in the present world.

Loewe’s identity was redefined in Anderson’s tenure with the introduction of saw the introduction of notable accessories. The Puzzle bag which was launched in 2015, became an instant icon and a statement piece, known for its geometric design and versatility. Other prominent designs were namely, the Gate and Hammock bags, which further strengthened Loewe’s position in luxury accessories’ market. further, his ready-to-wear collections balanced practicality with artistic expression and creativity, offering chiselled apparels, unseen fabric pairings, and a flawless blend of fluid and elegant fashion. Art and culture played an important role in Jonathan Anderson’s sight for Loewe. In 2017, he introduced the ‘Loewe Foundation Craft Prize’, an initiative celebrating and acknowledging global artistry and workmanship. He worked with contemporary artists to blend fashion and art , making this collaboration add bold ideas and creativity to the brand. Because of this, the brand came across as an entity that truly celebrated art and fashion and not merely a luxury label.

Runway Innovations and other tactics 

The Loewe’s runway shows were not just about clothes and accessories but a whole luxurious and artistic experience in itself. He tried and portrayed high art with contemporary culture in a creative manner. With his collaborations with widely famous photographers like Steven Meisel and Juergen Teller, The shows and campaigns were unique and stood out in the public eye. During his tenure, the impact of digital presence was acknowledged and with that the brand tried to reach younger audiences on platforms like TikTok , Instagram and other social media platforms. Tactics like humour, quirky elements,  creativity and storytelling were introduced to make Loewe’s luxury fashion fun and relatable. The digital presence helped the brand to connect with younger audience and be in pace with the latest digital trends. It made the brand appear more relevant, approachable and engaging to the society at large. 

Under Jonathan Anderson’s leadership, Loewe went through significant growth and worldwide recognition, solidifying the brand’s position in the luxury fashion market. He converted the brand into a cultural blend of luxury fashion and creativity, The brand also grew by expanding into new markets. In today’s world Anderson’s vision can be seen through Loewe’s presence as one of the most creative and successful brands in world’s largest conglomerate –  Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH). His work let the brand maintain its traditional and cultural identity imbibed in its prestigious legacy , thus making it stand out of the lot and remain in that position in present as well as future. 

Departure : End of an Era

In March 2025, Jonathan Anderson publicized his resignation from Loewe to the world, marking the end of an era that redefined the brand’s identity. His contribution is one of the most memorable fearless invention , where respect for traditions and heritage met a conventional and modern vision. Through his work, he reintroduced what a luxury fashion house could be, making sure that Loewe remains a significantly important and relevant force in the fashion  industry for years to come. Jonathan Anderson’s decade at Loewe showcases his expertise in redefining a brand. By blending heritage with immense creativity. His work as a creative director for Loewe  might have come to an end but the benchmark has set and the legacy he’s leaving behind will always be remembered and looked upon. Through his visionary leadership he did not just redefine Loewe as a brand but also revolutionised it, giving his best to make the brand a global symbol of luxury, art and culturally relevant in the modern society. 

Sources:

• Vogue Business: Jonathan Anderson’s Loewe Was a Story of Contradictions
• The Guardian: Jonathan Anderson to Leave Loewe
• Harper’s Bazaar: Jonathan Anderson’s Best Loewe Moments
• https://www.loewe.com/int/en/stories/welcome-to-loewe.html 
• https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/03/24/jonathan-anderson-profile-fashion-designer-loewe-dior 
• https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/luxury/jonathan-anderson-exits-loewe/ 
• https://www.istitutomarangoni.com/en/maze35/game-changers/anatomy-of-loewe-how-jonathan-anderson-shaped-the-it-brand-of-2023 

Author: Ayushman Mishra, Student Editor at Fashion Law Journal

It may be disappointing to hold your breath for a promising first date and take time to prepare, only to find your date hurriedly put together a casual outfit. However, it appears this happens more rarely than we think. The venue is decisive. Unless you planned to go to a fancy restaurant or another place that requires a certain standard or dress code, you can’t jump to conclusions based on how the guy or girl dressed to meet you. In fact, feeling comfortable enough not to have to dress to the nines is a bigger compliment than if she showed up in an evening gown. You shouldn’t necessarily equate dressing nicely with the attitude toward the date.

If you planned on grabbing fast food, you shouldn’t be unhappy that someone showed up in jeans and a T-shirt. On the other hand, it’s fair to expect a certain type of presentation if you planned a date at a sophisticated venue. It all comes down to good communication. 

Unconventional relationships are about breaking social norms

The connection between how one dresses and niche dating hasn’t been explored in depth. People often challenge traditional dating norms in their quest for unconventional relationships, and how they dress on dates can reflect this. Non-traditional partnerships don’t necessarily adhere to societal expectations of how someone should dress, and individuals looking for such relationships may feel free to express themselves through fashion in non-standard ways. It’s important to highlight the crucial role of reading the room. You will need emotional intelligence in sugar relationships just as you might need it in standard ones because that’s what will allow you to make the proper first impression. 

Comfort and personal connection

Unconventional relationships often emphasize the importance of comfort and personal connection rather than conforming to societal standards. The way you dress on a date might, therefore, be more about what feels right for you rather than what others expect. This could mean choosing clothing that makes you feel confident and reflects your personal tastes rather than adhering to the traditional “date night” aesthetic.

Prioritizing self-expression and authenticity

Individuals seeking unconventional relationships tend to prioritize self-expression and authenticity over conformity. The way they dress can be a powerful form of self-expression and a way to showcase their true personality. 

Clothing as a form of non-verbal communication

How you dress on dates can be a form of non-verbal communication. Fashion can convey a lot of messages about who you are and what you’re comfortable with. You might opt for more relaxed clothing if you’re unconcerned with expectations. Someone who embraces individuality and rejects rigid expectations may opt for bold and unconventional clothing, and their choice of attire does not in any way mean they aren’t taking the date or their potential partner seriously.

Final thoughts

First impressions are crucial because people are much likelier to remember you if you invest in your presentation than they are to remember someone who left little or no impact. When meeting someone for the first time, new clothes tend to make people feel more confident. 29% of participants in a recent survey report this is true for them, but things like a good night’s sleep and fresh breath are almost twice as helpful (44% each). The venue and the type of relationship you’re seeking should and often does determine what you will choose to wear on the first date and any subsequent ones.

Of course, that gets more complicated as you allow it to be. For example, not all types of hair can be transformed into certain hairstyles despite the amount of hair mousse you put in your hair. Usually, you’d have something between fine and thick hair, but these two categories can expand, so you’d have to figure out porosity and other factors before choosing the most appropriate hairstyling products. 

But don’t worry, because you can make things simple if you only take a look at your outfit. So, let’s see what some of the best hairstyles are for different prom dresses and accessories. 

Evening gowns 

The gown dress style is one of the most common for events like a prom, as it balances comfort with beauty. The long ball gown is usually embellished with intricate designs, but it can also be simple. The fitted bodice will be accompanied by different types of necklines, whether strapless or off-the-shoulder. 

The hairstyle could be as sophisticated, so you could try a classic chignon or a low bun that makes the final look more lavish. With the appropriate jewelry, including a necklace and bracelets, you can become the Prom Queen in no time. These gowns can also match soft curls that complement the dress and your body type, but you must use the right products to avoid frizz. 

One-piece dresses 

One-piece dresses tend to be less extraordinary and more comfortable, but that doesn’t make them inappropriate for an event such as prom. They usually include cocktail dresses or A-line dresses suitable for most body types. 

Considering they’re sleek and simple, you can approach similar hairstyles, so if the hair allows it, try a high ponytail for a sharp look. With enough bobby pins, hairspray, and enough patience, you can do it at home. If the dress is a bit tighter, you can try a casual blowout, especially for thinner hair, to offer more volume and attract looks to the upper part of your body. 

Traditional dresses 

Traditional prom dresses might involve cultural motifs and a cultural richness among their details, so it’s time to go all in with a special hairstyle. Woven braids decorated with ornaments can reflect your heritage, which will surely be part of some of the most beautiful prom pics ever. 

If you’re not specialized in braids, you could simply do a polished bun accompanied by classic accessories that match your dress. Some of the best colors for accessories include red and blue, but this depends solely on your culture. 

Shoulder dresses 

Shoulder dresses are perfect for highlighting your neckline and shoulders, and with the right hairstyle, you can accentuate your features. However, an off-shoulder dress might not be the best decision for petite girls or those with a rectangular body type because it accentuates these features instead of emphasizing them.

Regardless, shoulder dresses go well with a side-swept hairstyle, and it can be anyhow you like, whether braided or curls, but it has to cover the other shoulder asymmetrically. Or, you could choose a half-updo with waves that frame your face and cover what’s enough to allow the neckline to show. 

High neck dresses 

The flattering high-neck dress might be best for girls with longer necks who don’t want to feel self-conscious about them. Crewnecks and halters offer balance in this case, but you must choose your hairstyle carefully so as not to ruin the opportunity to look glamorous. 

A sleek bun or smooth ponytail should do the trick, as they don’t overcrowd the chest space too much. Depending on the type of high-neck dress, you could also do some braided crowns or loose waves. When it comes to jewelry, a necklace is usually not recommended, but rather long earrings and bracelets that even out the whole outfit. 

Backless dresses 

Backless dresses are some of the most elegant and can effortlessly highlight muscles. They have a dramatic effect on your outfit even without any accessories, but you can enhance that with the right hairstyle. A sleek updo or a sophisticated bun offers enough visibility into your back and creates an elegant sight. 

If your hair is shorter, you can opt for simple loose waves that fall over your shoulders. This is best for a romantic look, especially with additions like a back necklace and some dreamy earrings. Make sure you choose the right length for the backless dress according to your height to truly make an impact on the prom dance stage. 

Midi dresses 

If you’re not into long and elegant dresses, and short ones are usually out of the question at prom, you can choose a midi dress with various lengths that make you feel comfortable. Midi dresses are fabulous for those who love a bit more of a casual look but still have to fit in within the guidelines. 

You can make the outfit look more sophisticated with hairstyles like a French braid on the crown that you can accessorize with flowers, pearls, or metallic jeweled clips. Or, you could simply let your hair down in beachy waves if the dress is more colorful or a textured lob for a more serious look. 

Are you ready for prom? 

Prom is one of the most important parts of your life. It is where you look amazing while having fun with friends and colleagues. However, the pressure of being flawless is crushing, so make sure you’re not overanalyzing it or stressing out because you will look amazing otherwise. You can achieve the perfect look if you pair your outfit and accessories with the right hairstyle that balances certain aspects, such as your neckline with the length of the dress or the neck exposure.

The advent of digitisation began in 2019, with companies and customers alike, noticing a trend of e-tailing. The process has further been escalated by COVID-19, reaffirmed through Mckinsey and Company reports, displaying a reduction in willingness to make purchases through physical stores by 70% and 80% in North America and Europe respectively. The mentality of digitising or perishing has led to a newfound module of communication and connection leveraged by brands in the media-driven age. 

A pertinent issue conjoining with this operation is that of Algorithm Bias. This is a phenomenon through which unfair and bigoted data is re-filtered through the system, owing to predisposed societal prejudices. Owing to this, skewed product recommendations, size predictions and more are brought to the forefront, leading to a circular flow of old-age stereotypes setting back generations of movement. 

This arises due to flaws in primary data available for AI, through which pattern recognition and learnings are conditioned to the predominance of skin tones, body types, sizes and more. 

This impacts 3 essential areas of business- Consumer perception, Demand Forecasting/ethical implications as well as dangers to society. 

Under consumer perception, the three subsets are brand equity, value equity, and relationship equity, all contributing towards enhanced consumer imagery and subsequent acquisition, coupled with repeat purchases. The A. I model providing recommendations to such consumers are trained on data that is considered restrictive and non-exhaustive. The mind perception theory is affected, with factors of agency and experience being affected due to this occurrence. An unfavourable experience leads to a reduced intention towards the capacity to act and hence, creates algorithm aversion as opposed to the desired algorithm appreciation. Human agents are deemed more trustworthy in the retail sense, proving to be detrimental due to technologically predominant systems. Not only this, empirical evidence collected through the study of Roza Do (2020) suggests that implementation in an undesirable manner may lead to negative biases against a group of people belonging to a particular socio-economic class. 

The existence of such factors leads to a contoured perception due to algorithmic flaws, which are further exemplified through data collection bias and feedback loops, setting society back to a dystopian state of regression. 

While the concerns relating to micro-trend predictions and demand forecasting are tackled seamlessly due to algorithmic cognizance of consumer impressions and social media-driven data analytics, several ethical implications arise. At the backend, AI and algorithms work due to image recognition and processing, predictive analysis and trend forecasting, personalisation and recommendation systems, Natural language processing as well as generative adversarial networks. The market segmentation and targeting capabilities of a company are interjected, due to increased focus on particular demographics, sizes and styles, creating a lack of capitalisation of opportunity for underserved markets. 

Not only on the management forefront, the legal and regulatory compliances are constantly undergoing amendments, for stricter regulations to ensure measures of privacy and more. Overlooking such changes is a potential mishap many companies undergo, opening the grounds for legal liability. 

From a societal perspective, the age-old stereotypes are reinforced. The unrealistic and hyper-realistic expectations about thinness, skin tones and sizing perpetuate lower self-esteem and dangerous societal repercussions. Studies suggest a correlation between self-esteem and purchase behaviour, and such a glamorization of irrational standards impacts overall customer behaviour. Along with this, cultural homogenization is an issue on the rise. Homogenous trends tend to overpower niche subcultures, stifling unique identities, and creating a fraternity of redundant trends. The further impact on diversity and representation leads to issues with identity formation and lack of self-expression, forcing individuals to conform to standards and beauty trends that are not to their liking. 

One of the ways to combat this bias is to heavily invest in algorithm personalisation, through individualised pattern recognition and demographic information to feed accurate and sound recommendations. 

Despite measures, the resolution of algorithm bias is a long way ahead. The perpetuation of stereotypes, ethical and legal concerns and overall pitfall of consumer trust and acquisition is an inevitable outcome of digitisation. Skewed primary data and distorted interpretation creates issues for consumers and companies alike, in the fashion industry. Eradication is far-fetched, but an achievable outcome for the lucidity of society as a whole.

References- 

• Advancing algorithmic bias management capabilities in AI-driven marketing analytics research 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850123001566 

• Algorithmic abstractions of ‘fashion identity’ and the role of privacy with regard to algorithmic personalisation systems in the fashion domain. 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-021-01235-8 

• The ultimate guide to fashion digital transformation 

https://intelistyle.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-fashion-digital-transformation/#:~:text=What%20Is%20Fashion%20Digital%20Transformation,as%20launching%20an%20eCommerce%20store. 

• Fashion in the age of algorithms: Balancing Technology, Creativity and Sustainability 

https://www.smartfashion.news/blog/how-algorithms-are-shaping-the-future-of-fashion-trends 

• Why should we address algorithmic bias in fashion?

https://fashion.sustainability-directory.com/question/why-should-we-address-algorithmic-bias-in-fashion/ 

Author: Kanishka Chawla, Student Editor

Why sexy lingerie is more than just an outfit

Carefully selected sexy underwear from renowned brands like Mariemur offers more than just a visual appeal. It turns into a symbol of self-expression and empowerment.

Such a choice can change your mood and raise self-esteem, filling each day with special meaning. Moreover, high-quality materials and thoughtful design provide comfort in any situation.

Intriguing details about sexy lingerie that will surprise you

There are some interesting facts about underwear that you may not even know. These nuances emphasize its importance and diversity:

1. Historical roots. Lingerie has a long history dating back to ancient times. For example, the ancient Greeks wore a garment called the strophium, which was a type of breast band, while Roman women used the subligaculum, a type of undergarment similar to a loincloth. These early forms of underwear reflect cultural attitudes towards femininity.
2. Psychological aspect. Research shows that sexy lingerie affects a woman’s self-perception. Even when worn under regular clothing, it can boost confidence and body positivity, leading to a more empowered mindset.
3. Different materials. Soft mesh material can make the image more romantic and airy, whereas latex creates an effect of glamor and boldness.
4. Colors that evoke emotions. The choice of color can greatly influence how a situation is perceived. Thus, black underwear is usually associated with elegance, red – with temptation.
5. Fashion experiments. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards unusual shapes and designs. Lingerie featuring asymmetrical cutouts or original details attracts attention and allows for personal expression.
6. Unpredictable versatility. Erotic lingerie can be seamlessly integrated into everyday outfits, serving as a statement piece or a hidden layer that enhances confidence.
7. Impact on relationships. Wearing attractive lingerie can add a spark to your relationship. By feeling sexy, a woman transmits this confidence to her partner, which in turn strengthens the emotional connection.

Thus, seductive lingerie serves not just as clothing, but also as a means of self-expression that can transform your emotional state and influence connections with others. A wide range of styles, colors, and materials allows each woman to find her own unique image. So it’s worth paying attention to this aspect of your wardrobe and consider investing in quality lingerie that resonates with your personal style and enhances overall well-being. After all, every woman deserves to be confident and attractive!

But in an era where nostalgia is not merely remembered but repackaged, where heritage is not just revered but relentlessly replicated, the ‘Maharani Aesthetic’ has become both muse and commodity. Once a symbol of effortless aristocracy, it now flutters through the ateliers of luxury houses and the production lines of fast fashion alike- some in homage, others in quiet transgression. The pastels, the pearl strung elegance, the gossamer-light chiffons once woven into royal legacy are now stitched in commerce, duplicated without provenance, borrowed without attribution. The question that lingers, much like the scent of marigolds in the “Jeypore” air, is this: Can an aesthetic so deeply enshrined in history be safeguarded from dilution? Can the intangible essence of royalty be legally preserved, or does inspiration, once set free, belong to all who dare to claim it?”

The whisper of chiffon, the structured yet effortless drape of a sari, the interplay of pearls against the pastel silks- Maharani Gayatri Devi’s signature style was never a mere ensemble; it was a language of understated affluence. Yet today, that language is being spoken without provenance. From the artisan-laden ateliers of Sabyasachi to the mass market machinery of Zara, the allure of ‘royal fashion’ is no longer privy to those born into palaces. It is a global commodity, but one that begs legal reckoning: when does cultural homage become fashion plagiarism?

The Legal Stitch

Unlike a logo (protected under trademark law) or a specific garment design (safeguarded by The Designs Act, 2000 in India), an aesthetic is far more elusive. The Maharani Aesthetic is not a singular creation but a collection of stylistic signatures—the airy pastels, the translucent chiffons, the restrained grandeur of uncut diamonds. Fashion law does not easily shield such intangibles from replication.

Yet, luxury houses have long battled over proprietary aesthetics. Chanel has fought legal wars over its quilting patterns, Burberry has waged trademark disputes over its signature check, and Louboutin has defended the very colour of its soles in courtrooms across the world. Could a similar argument be made for the visual lexicon of Indian royalty? Could the heritage of a queen be grounds for legal exclusivity?

Heritage in Fast Fashion: A Lost Legacy?

In the glaring fluorescence of fast fashion showrooms, heritage is stripped of its depth and repackaged in synthetic blends and machine-cut embroidery. A once-luxurious silhouette finds itself flattened into polyester, its grandeur reduced to a SKU number. Brands like Zara, ASOS, and even high-street Indian labels have churned out Maharani-inspired designs—chiffon saris in mass production, pearl-encrusted tunics mimicking royal couture, and brocade blouses with none of the finesse of hand-woven craftsmanship.

The law, however, remains selective in its defence. While fast fashion houses have been taken to court for replicating specific patterns or embroidery styles, they remain largely untouchable when borrowing from themes rather than concrete designs. Hermès may have trademarked its Birkin, but can royalty ever trademark an aesthetic?

The Counterfeit Conundrum

Beyond the realm of fast fashion lies its shadowy twin: the counterfeit industry. In the bustling markets of Chandni Chowk, Bangkok’s Patpong Night Market, and the famed counterfeit districts of Guangzhou, the Maharani Look is no longer an aspiration—it is a cheaply manufactured reality.

Here, hand-woven chiffons are replaced with nylon blends, and ‘Jaipur Royal Collection’ tags appear on garments that have never seen the walls of a palace. The counterfeit trade, which contributes to nearly USD 500 billion in global losses annually, thrives on the absence of enforceable fashion copyrights. While Indian law offers protection under The Copyright Act, 1957 for original textile designs and embroidery, the vast expanse of ‘heritage fashion’ remains an unguarded frontier.

The implications are profound: not only does counterfeiting erode the value of luxury craftsmanship, but it also threatens the very artisans whose skill once defined these royal wardrobes. In this legal vacuum, a question lingers—can a fashion aesthetic born from nobility be safeguarded against dilution, or is its fate to be forever replicated, never protected?

The Gilded Dilemma

Heritage is an asset. In fashion, it is intellectual property with an identity, a provenance, a prestige. Yet, when aesthetics born from aristocracy are diluted into mass-market renditions, the law stands at an impasse.

For decades, the legal framework has granted fashion limited safeguards—trademarks for logos, patents for innovations, copyrights for surface designs. The intangible, however, remains unguarded. The Maharani Aesthetic—pastel chiffons, uncut diamonds, structured drapes—exists in a space between cultural homage and commercial replication. What belongs to history often becomes public domain, yet the business of fashion thrives on exclusivity. The question is no longer whether an aesthetic can be replicated; it is whether it can be legally fortified.

Legality and Legacy

Luxury houses have long crystallized their identity through trademarks, converting visual signatures into proprietary assets. In the West, the Chanel quilting, the Burberry check, the Hermes Birkin silhouette are all trademark-protected. In India, handloom weaves, embroidery techniques, and even temple jewelry designs have sought similar status.

A precedent exists: the Banarasi sari, the Chanderi weave, the Pochampally Ikat—each protected under geographical indication (GI) status. Theoretically, the ‘Maharani Look’ could be distilled into a legally recognized heritage trademark, a seal of authenticity for designs that trace their lineage to Jaipur’s royal ateliers. A legal identity that separates inspiration from appropriation, homage from hijack. 

Geographical Indications: The Safeguard of Provenance

The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 has preserved India’s artisanal economy, offering legal exclusivity to craft-based communities. A garment labeled as Chikankari must originate from Lucknow; a Kanjeevaram silk must be woven in Tamil Nadu. If traditional craftsmanship is protected, could the aesthetics of royal wardrobes follow suit?

There is precedent. France protects its champagne, Italy its Parmigiano Reggiano. If provenance is law, then Jaipur’s couture heritage—its intricate gota patti, its diaphanous chiffon drapes, its jadau settings—could fall under similar protection. An elevated safeguard for designs that have long been a part of history, but not of imitation.

Art or Imitation

The counterfeit market has become a billion-dollar empire, replicating not just brands but legacies. In the lanes of imitation, the Maharani Look has been reduced to its synthetic knockoffs—machine-stitched chiffons, mass-produced faux pearls, brocade stripped of its craftsmanship.

Under The Copyright Act, 1957, original textile designs are protected for ten years, extendable to fifteen. Yet, the fine print is limiting. Designs that enter mass production lose copyright protection, leaving high fashion vulnerable. While the Designs Act, 2000 safeguards surface patterns and embroidery techniques, it is inadequate for the vastness of a cultural aesthetic.

Luxury houses have responded with aggressive legal enforcement. In 2022, Chanel won a counterfeit lawsuit against a network selling imitation handbags. In India, Sabyasachi and Manish Malhotra have cracked down on unauthorized replicas of their bridal couture. Yet, the law remains reactive, not preventive. A Maharani Code of Authenticity—a legally recognized certification for heritage fashion—could change the landscape, offering both prestige and protection.

Woven in Law, Draped in Legacy

The bridge between legacy and legality is yet to be built. The fashion industry has historically drawn from the past, but in an era where aesthetics become intellectual property, a framework for protection must evolve. The future of heritage fashion law will be written not just in archives but in courtrooms, defining where cultural history ends and commercial ownership begins.

But laws, like couture, can only tailor so much. The fine print of the Copyright Act and the Designs Act may seek to delineate ownership, yet they cannot entirely safeguard an aesthetic—an aura—that was never meant to be confined to legal clauses. Maharani Gayatri Devi’s legacy, much like the delicate chiffons she championed, is weightless yet enduring, slipping through the rigidity of statutes into the realm of cultural permanence. And so, the question extends beyond legal protection to something far more nuanced: Can elegance itself be copyrighted?

The Maharani, the Muse and the Mirage

Jaipur, with its rose-tinted palaces and gilded archways, remains a city where history is not merely preserved but perfumed into the air—stitched into the folds of time like the pleats of a perfectly draped chiffon sari. And Maharani Gayatri Devi, much like the city she called home, exists beyond the constraints of time, endlessly revisited and reimagined. Her legacy is not just a relic of the past but a blueprint for elegance that designers continue to borrow and brands endlessly resurrect. In many ways, she was Jaipur’s answer to Princess Diana—both women bound by royalty but unconfined by it, both style icons whose effortless grace became a language of its own, and both eternal muses, not just for fashion but for a way of being.

Yet, as fashion houses weave nostalgia into commercial allure, the question lingers—where does homage end and exploitation begin? If fast fashion can dilute the essence of a style once synonymous with exclusivity, then the law must stand as its final custodian, ensuring that history is not merely replicated but rightfully revered. For true elegance is not just what is worn but what is preserved. And in the grand tapestry of luxury, Maharani Gayatri Devi remains more than a silhouette; she is the gold thread that refuses to fade.

References:

1. Vogue India, How Maharani Gayatri Devi of Jaipur Ushered in the Classic Chiffon Sari Trend, VOGUE INDIA, https://www.vogue.in/content/how-maharani-gayatri-devi-of-jaipur-ushered-in-the-classic-chiffon-sari-trend.
2. Elle Canada, Chanel’s Quilted Secrets, ELLE CANADA, https://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/chanel-s-quilted-secrets.
3. Christian Louboutin, Red Sole, CHRISTIAN LOUBOUTIN, https://us.christianlouboutin.com/us_en/red-sole.
4. Burberry, The Burberry Check, BURBERRY, https://in.burberry.com/the-burberry-check/.
5. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Protecting Fashion and Cultural Expressions, COLUM. J.L. & ARTS, https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/lawandarts/announcement/view/621.
6.  Hindustan Times, It’s a Rip-Off, HINDUSTAN TIMES, https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/it-s-a-rip-off/story-cfSQmA337gUK36jQBsblBI.html.
7. World Trademark Review, Protecting Fashion and Cultural Expressions, WORLD TRADEMARK REV., https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/protecting-fashion-and-cultural-expressions.

Author: Aastha Kastiya